Fahimtar bambanci tsakanin maki daban-daban na SSD Chips na NAND Flash SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC

Cikakken sunan NAND Flash shine Flash Memory, wanda ke cikin na'urar ƙwaƙwalwar da ba ta da ƙarfi (Non-volatile Memory Device).Ya dogara ne akan ƙirar transistor ƙofar ƙofar da ke iyo, kuma ana cajin caji ta ƙofar da ke iyo.Tunda kofar da ke iyo ta kebe ne da lantarki, don haka Electrons da ke isa bakin kofar suna makale ko da an cire wutar lantarki.Wannan shi ne dalilin rashin kunna walƙiya.Ana adana bayanai a cikin irin waɗannan na'urori kuma ba za a ɓace ba ko da an kashe wutar lantarki.
Dangane da nanotechnology daban-daban, NAND Flash ya sami canji daga SLC zuwa MLC, sannan zuwa TLC, kuma yana motsawa zuwa QLC.Ana amfani da NAND Flash sosai a cikin eMMC/eMCP, U disk, SSD, mota, Intanet na Abubuwa da sauran fagage saboda girman ƙarfinsa da saurin rubutu.

SLC (cikakken suna Turanci (Single-Level Cell – SLC) ajiya mataki-daya ne
Siffar fasahar SLC ita ce fim ɗin oxide tsakanin ƙofar da ke iyo da tushen ya fi bakin ciki.Lokacin rubuta bayanai, ana iya kawar da cajin da aka adana ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki zuwa cajin ƙofar da ke iyo sannan a wuce ta tushen., Wato, kawai sau biyu irin ƙarfin lantarki na 0 da 1 za su iya adana 1 bayanai naúrar, wato, 1 bit/cell, wanda ke da saurin sauri, tsawon rayuwa da aiki mai karfi.Rashin hasara shine cewa ƙarfin yana da ƙasa kuma farashin yana da yawa.

MLC (cikakken sunan Ingilishi Multi-Level Cell – MLC) ma'auni ne mai yawa
Intel (Intel) ya fara samar da MLC ne a cikin watan Satumbar 1997. Aikinsa shi ne adana raka'a biyu na bayanai a cikin wata Ƙofar Floating (ɓangaren da ake ajiye cajin a cikin ma'aunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar filasha), sannan a yi amfani da cajin nau'i daban-daban (Level). ), Daidaitaccen karatu da rubutu ta hanyar sarrafa wutar lantarki da aka adana a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Wato 2bit/cell, kowace naúrar tantanin halitta tana adana bayanan 2bit, tana buƙatar ƙarin hadaddun sarrafa wutar lantarki, akwai canje-canje guda huɗu na 00, 01, 10, 11, saurin gabaɗaya matsakaita ne, rayuwa matsakaita ce, farashin matsakaici, kusan 3000-10000 sau na gogewa da rubuta rayuwa.MLC yana aiki ta amfani da babban adadin ƙarfin lantarki, kowane tantanin halitta yana adana bayanai guda biyu, kuma yawan bayanan yana da girma, kuma yana iya adana fiye da ƙimar 4 a lokaci ɗaya.Don haka, tsarin gine-ginen MLC na iya samun mafi kyawun ma'auni.

TLC (cikakken sunan Ingilishi na Trinary-Level Cell) ajiya ne mai hawa uku
TLC shine 3bit kowane tantanin halitta.Kowane rukunin salula yana adana bayanan 3bit, wanda zai iya adana ƙarin bayanai 1/2 fiye da MLC.Akwai nau'ikan irin ƙarfin lantarki guda 8 suna canzawa daga 000 zuwa 001, wato 3bit/cell.Akwai kuma masu kera Flash da ake kira 8LC.Lokacin samun damar da ake buƙata ya fi tsayi, don haka saurin canja wuri yana da hankali.
Amfanin TLC shine cewa farashin yana da arha, farashin samarwa a kowace megabyte shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma farashin yana da arha, amma rayuwa gajere ce, kawai kusan 1000-3000 gogewa da sake rubutawa rayuwa, amma gwajin TLC barbashi SSD zai iya. a yi amfani da kullum fiye da shekaru 5.

QLC (cikakkiyar Turanci cikakken suna Quadruple-Level Cell) rukunin ajiya mai Layer huɗu
QLC kuma ana iya kiransa 4bit MLC, rukunin ajiya mai Layer huɗu, wato 4bits/cell.Akwai canje-canje 16 a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, amma ana iya ƙara ƙarfin da kashi 33%, wato, aikin rubutu da gogewa za a ƙara rage idan aka kwatanta da TLC.A cikin takamaiman gwajin aikin, Magnesium ya yi gwaje-gwaje.Dangane da saurin karantawa, duka hanyoyin haɗin SATA na iya kaiwa 540MB/S.QLC yana aiki mafi muni a cikin saurin rubutu, saboda lokacin shirye-shiryensa na P/E ya fi MLC da TLC tsayi, saurin yana raguwa, kuma saurin rubutu mai ci gaba shine Daga 520MB/s zuwa 360MB/s, aikin bazuwar ya ragu daga 9500 IOPS zuwa 5000 IOPS, asarar kusan rabi.

PS: Ƙarin bayanan da aka adana a cikin kowace naúrar tantanin halitta, mafi girman ƙarfin kowane yanki, amma a lokaci guda, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin nau'o'in wutar lantarki daban-daban, wanda ya fi wuyar sarrafawa, don haka kwanciyar hankali na NAND Flash guntu. ya zama mafi muni, kuma rayuwar sabis ya zama guntu, kowanne yana da nasa amfani da rashin amfani.

(NAND Flash karanta da rubuta rayuwa don tunani kawai)
Ba shi da wahala a ga cewa aikin nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na NAND guda huɗu ya bambanta.Farashin kowane nau'in ƙarfin SLC ya fi na sauran nau'ikan ɓangarori na ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya na NAND, amma lokacin riƙe bayanan sa ya fi tsayi kuma saurin karatun yana da sauri;QLC yana da babban ƙarfin aiki da ƙananan farashi, amma saboda ƙarancin amincinsa da tsayin daka gazawar da sauran gazawar har yanzu yana buƙatar haɓakawa.

Daga mahangar farashin samarwa, karantawa da rubuta saurin aiki da rayuwar sabis, martabar rukunoni huɗu shine:
SLC>MLC>TLC>QLC;
Mafi kyawun mafita na yanzu shine MLC da TLC.SLC galibi ana nufin aikin soja da aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, tare da rubutu mai sauri, ƙarancin kuskure, da dorewa.MLC galibi yana nufin aikace-aikacen mabukaci, ƙarfinsa ya ninka sau 2 sama da SLC, mai rahusa, ya dace da faifan kebul na USB, wayoyin hannu, kyamarori na dijital da sauran katunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a SSD-sa a yau. .

Ana iya raba ƙwaƙwalwar filasha NAND zuwa nau'i biyu: Tsarin 2D da tsarin 3D bisa ga tsarin sararin samaniya daban-daban.Ana amfani da transistor masu iyo gate don FLASH 2D, yayin da filasha na 3D galibi yana amfani da transistor CT da ƙofar iyo.Semiconductor ne, CT shine insulator, biyun sun bambanta a yanayi da ka'ida.Bambancin shine:

Tsarin 2D NAND Flash
Tsarin 2D na sel ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya an shirya shi ne kawai a cikin jirgin XY na guntu, don haka hanya ɗaya tilo don cimma mafi girma a cikin wafer iri ɗaya ta amfani da fasahar filasha ta 2D ita ce ta rage kumburin tsari.
Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine kurakurai a cikin walƙiya na NAND sun fi yawa don ƙananan nodes;Bugu da ƙari, akwai iyaka ga ƙananan tsari na tsari wanda za'a iya amfani dashi, kuma yawan ajiyar ajiya ba shi da yawa.

Tsarin 3D NAND Flash
Don ƙara yawan ajiya, masana'antun sun haɓaka fasahar 3D NAND ko V-NAND (NAND a tsaye), wanda ke tara ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin jirgin sama na Z akan wafer iri ɗaya.

A cikin 3D NAND flash, ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna haɗa su azaman kirtani a tsaye maimakon kirtani a kwance a cikin 2D NAND, kuma ginawa ta wannan hanyar yana taimakawa cimma babban ɗan ƙaramin yanki don yanki ɗaya.Kayayyakin Flash na 3D na farko suna da yadudduka 24.